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International laws, often referred to as international law, are a set of rules and principles that govern the interactions between sovereign states in the international community. These laws are designed to establish a framework for peaceful coexistence, promote cooperation, and address global issues that transcend national boundaries. International law encompasses a wide range of topics, including human rights, armed conflict, trade, the environment, and diplomatic relations, and it is crucial for maintaining stability and order in the world.
International law consists of both customary international law, which develops through the consistent practice of states over time, and treaties and conventions, which are formal agreements entered into by states. The United Nations (UN) plays a central role in codifying and promoting international law, serving as a forum for member states to negotiate and adopt treaties. The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, resolves legal disputes between states, further strengthening the rule of law in the international system. International law is not without its challenges and limitations, as enforcement mechanisms can be weak, and not all states adhere to the same standards. Nonetheless, it remains a critical tool for diplomacy, conflict resolution, and the protection of human rights on a global scale.
United Nations Charter, 1945. Read online.
Geneva Conventions, 1949
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961
Paris Agreement, 2015
Montreal Protocol, 1987
Rome Statute, 1998
World Trade Organization Agreements, 1994
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1969
Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982
Chemical Weapons Convention, 1993
Outer Space Treaty, 1967